FAQ - Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) & California Family Rights Act (CFRA)

Quick FAQSobligation to designate or deny leave, in writing and
What are FMLA and CFRA?indicate if leave is paid or unpaid. Designating leave
FMLA stands for Federal Family and Medical Leavemust be done prospectively and not retroactively
Act. CFRA stands for California Family Rights Act.unless the employer lacks sufficient information as to
Both acts represent Federal and State laws thatthe reason for leave.
allow eligible employees to take up to 12 workFMLA and CFRA allowed time off
weeks of unpaid leave during any 12 month period.For FMLA, up to 12 weeks in an established 12 month
What are the acceptable reasons for taking a leaveperiod is allowed. Intermittent leaves or a reduced
of absence?work schedule may be taken when medically
For FMLA reasons will include a serious healthnecessary. CFRA is the same as FMLA with the
condition of the employee, child, spouse, or parent;exception that leave(s) taken for the birth, adoption,
the birth of a child of the employee, placement of aor foster care placement shall be granted at a
child for adoption or foster care. This includes anyminimum of two week increments. On two occasions
period of incapacity due to pregnancy, includingincrements of less than two weeks may be used.
prenatal examinations or severe morning sickness.FMLA and CFRA leave will run concurrently, except in
CFRA works the same as FMLA, except that CFRAthe case of a leave taken for disability due to
also allows for care of a registered domestic partnerpregnancy, childbirth or a related medical condition in
and excludes pregnancy. For pregnancy, Californiathe State of California which is covered separately
allows up to 4 months of Pregnancy Disability Leaveunder the California Pregnancy Disability Leave.
(PDL) pursuant to the California Fair Employment andHow to determine paid or unpaid leave.
Housing Act for all employers with five or more fullFMLA and CFRA is unpaid, however, an employee
or part time employees. PDL is for any womenmay choose or the employer may require substitution
hindered due to pregnancy, childbirth, or a relatedof unpaid FMLA with vacation or other accrued time
medical condition. This includes prenatal care andoff and/or sick pay to the extent the circumstances
severe morning sicknessmeet the employer's typical policy for the use of sick
Federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) forpay.
Covered EmployersDoes the group health coverage continue while the
Covered Employers are those who engage in activityemployee is on leave?
affecting commerce and employ 50 or moreFor both FMLA and CFRA, the employer must
employees in 20 weeks of current or preceding year.continue any group health plan for the duration of
Public agencies and private elementary and secondaryFMLA leave, at least 12 weeks in a 12 month period,
schools are covered regardless of the number ofunder the same conditions as if the employee was
employees.actively working. Longer health plan coverage or
California Family Rights Act (CFRA) for Coveredother benefits are determined by the employer's
Employerspolicy to the same extent and under the same
Covered Employers are those who engage inconditions as would apply to any other leave.
business or enterprise in California and employ 50 orEmployees are still responsible for their share of
more employees in any 20 weeks of current orbenefit premium payments.
preceding calendar year. California, counties, and anyWhat happens when the employee returns from
political or civil subdivision of the state and cities areleave?
covered regardless of the number of employees.For both FMLA and CFRA, the employee must be
FMLA and CFRA for Covered Employeesreinstated to the same or equivalent position at the
Covered Employees are employed with the employerend of leave. However, the employee has no greater
for at least 12 months (need not be consecutiveright to reinstatement, benefits, or to other
months), worked at least 1,250 hours during the 12conditions of employment than if he or she was
month period immediately preceding the leave, andcontinuously employed during FMLA leave. The
employed at a worksite where 50 or moreexception to this is for salaried key employees,
employees work within a distance of 75 surfacedefined as the highest paid 10% of all employees. If
miles.denial is necessary to prevent serious economic harm
What are the posting requirements?to the employer, then the employee needs to be
An FMLA and CFRA notice explaining entitlements ofproperly notified.
leave and procedures for filing a complaint with theThe above is a brief summary of information
Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division mustpertaining to FMLA & CFRA and not a complete
be posted in a conspicuous place where applicantsdescription of all rules and regulations. As rules and
and employees tend to congregate.regulations are subject to change we cannot verify
Can the employer request medical certification?that all information is current or completely accurate.
FMLA and CFRA. An employer can request medicalHCP National provides educational programs to assist
certification from the employee. The employer canour clients in risk management through compliance
ask for a second and even third opinion to verify thewith various applicable federal laws, rules and
validity of the medical certification. However, underregulations; however, this is neither an effort to
CFRA, a second or third medical opinion cannot bepractice law or a legal service. We encourage
requested regarding the care of an employees familyeveryone to consult with their own attorney,
member. The employer must accept the certificationcertified public accountant and tax professional on
What is the employer's obligation to designate orany issues involving specific facts, persons,
deny leave?circumstances or situations.
For both FMLA and CFRA it is the employer's